1.0m

User Manual

Notes for the reader

This manual is intended to supplement the existing TCS and instrument user's guides, filling the void of information about the telescope and facility, and providing recipes for observing with the telescope-instrument-TCS combination.

For detailed information about the TCS and instrument software, please refer to the manuals listed below, which are available in the warm room, the hostel library, and are linked to on the 1.0-metre section of the following web page:

http://www.saao.ac.za/observing/operating-manuals

• "1.0-m Telescope Control Software: A User's Guide" by Stephen Potter & Hannah Worters

• "SAAO CCD Camera Control Program, version 1.2" by J. W. Menzies

• "SHOC User Guide", by Rocco Coppejans

• SHOC wiki https://topswiki.saao.ac.za/index.php/SHOC

Much of the manual assumes that the user has never before set foot in the dome, and has no local human to guide them. This is particularly true for Chapter~\ref{chap-tour}. {\bf If you are familiar with the telescope, you may wish to skip Chapter~\ref{chap-tour}, but please read Chapters~\ref{chap-limits} and~\ref{chap-faults} as some things have changed(!)}. Observing recipes are given in Chapters~\ref{chap-start} to~\ref{chap-end}, which may prove useful as checklists for experienced observers and novice users alike.

Please send comments/requests/omissions to hannah@saao.ac.za.

A guided tour of the 1-m dome

The purpose of this section is to introduce you to the facilities and equipment you will need during your run. The tour begins at the front door of the 1-m dome. To aid orientation, the domes of the 0.5-m, 0.75-m and 1.0-m are aligned East-West, perpendicular to the main road that passes SALT at the Northern end of the plateau and leads to the ``Robotic Row of telescopes in the South.

Ground floor power & light switches

• The main power switch for the telescope and lighting circuits is just inside the second front door on the right. Switch this on when you enter. A red light will illuminate above the switch.
• Foyer and stairwell light switches can be found on the same wall, just around the corner to the right, at the foot of the stairs. There is a second switch for the stairwell/foyer lights at the top of the stairs.

Ground floor facilities

As you enter the dome on the ground floor, you will find the following facilities:

• Fire extinguisher: mounted to the wall on the right as you enter.
• First aid kit: on a shelf to the left as you enter the dome.
• Toilet: through the first door on the left as you enter the dome. The light switch is outside the door on the right. (Don't be alarmed if you discover that these facilities are occupied during the night; the neighbouring IRSF does not have its own toilet.)
• Kitchen: located beyond the staircase on the right. It has recently been refurbished and has a sink with running water, a microwave, coffee maker, kettle, toaster, snackwich and an array of cutlery and cheerful crockery. There are jars of teas, coffees, hot chocolate, sugar and creamer. The kitchenware is cleaned daily by the hostel staff, except at weekends.

Upstairs light switches

• Light switches on the left at the top of the stairs. One is for the stairwell/foyer lights; the other for the observing floor incandescents.
• The switch for observing floor fluorescent lights is located inside the small door facing the stairs, next to the controls for the air conditioning.
• The switch for upper dome fluorescent lights is on the grey Observing Floor Control Panel on the wall by the North pier.

The Observing Floor

At the top of the stairs, you will find the telescope on the "observing floor". The North pier is nearest the stairs. Familiarise yourself with the following:

• Blue console on the East side of the North pier. You will use this console to slew the telescope to your targets. The telescope power switch and dome rotation controls are also on this console.
• Grey box by the blue console. If the telescope reaches its safe operating limits, the red light on this box will flash, an alarm will sound and the telescope drives and dome rotation will be disabled. There is an override key attached to the box, used to allow the telescope to be moved out of the limits -- see Section~\ref{sec-limits}.
• Emergency stop button on the grey box. There is a large red button to press if the drive motors fail to stop. If you have reason to press this, call a technician to investigate.
• XY-slide reset button on the grey box. On the top of the grey box with the emergency stop button is a small blue button to press if the TCS XY-slides fail to respond.
• PC monitor to the right of the North pier. This screen displays pointing information, including your target coordinates and current telescope coordinates, for use when slewing the telescope.
• Observing Floor Control Panel. On the North wall by the North pier there is a grey box labelled "Dome Shutter and Windblind Control", which has red buttons for opening/closing the dome shutter and raising/lowering the windblind. One must first switch

on the telescope power (blue console) and press the top button labelled "Request Local Control" to activate the panel. The red indicator will illuminate when the panel is active. To open/close the dome, push and hold the appropriate button until the shutters stop moving and you hear a beep. To raise/lower the windblind, push and hold the appropriate button until the blind reaches the desired height. Do not raise the windblind while pointing into the wind; first rotate the dome by 180°, raise the blind then rotate back. There is also a switch for the upper dome lights.

• 'Yellow hand paddle on the wall facing the stairs. As of October 2011, the yellow paddle is no longer in use.The Observing Floor Control Panel should be used to open/close the dome and raise/lower the windblind.
• Dome flat lamp switch. On the North wall, just above and left of the monitor, is a dimmer switch that controls the incandescent lamp used for taking dome flats (see Section~\ref{sec-domeflats}).
• A red balance weight on a rope, which can be hung from an appropriate place below the primary mirror cell if the telescope jumps while tracking (usually when tracking around the zenith).
• Tall and short wheeled ladders for hanging the weight and for accessing the reset buttons on the Merlin transputer crates. Make sure the ladders are clear of the telescope while observing (the taller ladder is usually stored on the West side of the observing floor under the catwalk, the other is pushed to the East side of the North pier).

The Telescope

On the telescope itself, identify the following:

• Mirror cover motor: on the East side of the telescope below the primary mirror is a button to open/close the primary mirror covers.
• Acquisition/guider box and autoguider camera: the former is a large black box mounted directly below the primary mirror cell. The XY-slides and acquisition/autoguider camera are mounted on the South side of the guider box.
• TCS Merlin crate: above the autoguider camera is a small blue electronics crate. This is the Merlin transputer for the TCS. On the side is a red reset button that should be pressed if the TCS encounters a "Merlin error".
• Filter wheels: The blue metallic box below the acquisition/guider box contains the filter wheel(s), labelled on the East and West sides.
• Instrument: SHOC, STE3 or STE4 (or your own instrument) will be mounted below the filter box.

• STE3/STE4 has its own blue instrument Merlin crate mounted to the cylindrical dewar. There is a red reset button on the side of the crate that should be pressed if the instrument control software hangs, crashes or reports a "Merlin error". There is no need for observers to fill the dewar with liquid nitrogen; this is done by technicians in the morning and afternoon.
• SHOC does not require liquid nitrogen; it is peltier-cooled. It has no Merlin crate. The control PC ("shocnawe" or "shocndisbelief" is mounted in a crate below the primary mirror cell.

Filters

The blue metallic box below the acquisition/guider box contains the filter wheel(s), labelled on the East and West sides. Each wheel has 8 filter positions; position 1 is the reference and position 8 is always empty. Filters must not be removed from the filter wheels.

You will have been allocated the appropriate wheel(s) for your run based on the filters specified in your observing proposal. A filter wheel rota can be found pinned to the notice board on the South pier. It details the filter in each position of each wheel and the name of the wheel(s) you have been allocated. If the incorrect wheel is in the telescope, please contact a technician. Please direct any other filter-related enquiries to hannah@saao.ac.za.

The Warm Room

The warm room is situated on the East side of the observing floor. The light switch is a dial just inside the door on the right as you enter. Here you have the following resources at your disposal:

Computing facilities

In the warm room, you will find:

• If using STE3 or STE4, a PC labelled imag40, running the CCD Camera Control software.

• A thin client with monitor labelled ltsp that saves the data from the instrument PC and can be used to run a web browser, ds9, etc. For SHOC, it can be used to run the instrument control software via a web browser. It is possible to download your data to a laptop on the network from this PC (use scp or sftp ccd40@ltsp.suth - the monitor is labelled with the password).

• A PC running the Telescope Control Software (TCS) for acquisition and guiding. Associated with this are a second monitor on a shelf (which displays the target and telescope coordinates, etc.) and hand paddle for fine adjustment of the telescope coordinates while acquiring an object.

• Several network cables and power sockets for use with laptops.

• A black & white printer. Print command: lpr -Ppr30in filename

At present there are no DVD writers, USB ports or DAT drives in the dome for copying data from ltsp.

Operational resources

• A duty technician phone number list, on the wall.
• Laminated facility start-up and shutdown recipes.
• Assorted notices providing information on telescope limits, weather resources, etc.

Log books, almanacs, etc.

In the warm room, in labelled boxfiles on a shelf above the TCS monitor, you will find the following resources to help with your observations:

• Users' guides for the TCS, STE3/STE4, SHOC and the retired UCT CCD, which contains useful information about the online reductions programme for STE3/4.
• A triplicate CCD Camera log book in which to record details of each image if you are using STE3/STE4. If you finish a

 log book, there are more on top of the metal cupboard on the observing floor. Please take the next book in numerical order. There is no such log for use with SHOC; you are advised to keep your own records, e.g. in a spreadsheet.

• A Sutherland Almanac, including bright stars, sunset/rise and twilight times, phases of the moon, etc.
• A catalogue of photometric standard stars.
• An A4 sheet entitled Sutherland Observing Record, on which to log the duration of observations, time lost, etc. each night.

General warm room resources

1. A telephone and a list of internal extensions and emergency numbers (please request a phone code on arrival if you wish to call outside SAAO). The following numbers apply:

• Extension number: 9108 (to phone from within the observatory)
• To phone the dome from outside: 023 100 0222 (+27 23 100 0222 from outside South Africa)

1. A new stereo compatible with iPods and iPhones, and plays CDs, MP3s from DVDs and USB devices, and has a radio.
2. An air-conditioning unit, the controls for which are behind the instrument PC, on the wall inside the small door.
3. Assorted desk lamps.
4. A portable heater under the desk.

Please do not plug lamps or heaters into the UPS sockets!

Observing Limits

Meteorological constraints

The dome must be closed when any of the following weather limits is reached:

• Humidity: T_external - T_dew ≤ 1.5
• Wind speed: 60 km/h. Dome must be parked facing into the wind.
• Heavy cloud

Meteorological information

The following should be used for regular monitoring of external conditions while observing:

• DIMM seeing data and all the weather stations on the plateau are summarised on this page [[1]]
• For assessing sky conditions, SALT and LCOGT operate bf all sky cameras, also available on the website above.

Telescope pointing limits

The operational limits of the telescope are depicted in Figure~\ref{fig-limits}. Please keep an eye on the instrument when slewing the telescope to ensure that it doesn't strike the pier.

If the telescope reaches the limits, the drive motors will cut out, dome rotation will be disabled, an alarm will sound and a red light will flash on the grey box on the East side of the North pier. To recover, turn the override key on the grey box, switch the drives to FAST mode and slew the telescope away from the limits. Be very sure that you know which way to slew, as the telescope can be moved in any direction when the override key is turned. If in doubt, call a technician.

• Limits.jpg

  1.0-m telescope observing limits

Start-up recipes

Facility start-up procedure

Follow this procedure to prepare the telescope and dome for observing:

1. Check the weather conditions}. If they are within the limits specified in Section~\ref{sec-weather}, continue with step 2.
2. Enter dome and {\bf hook both doors open} to allow good air circulation.
3. Switch on the main power switch, just inside the door on the right.
4. Switch off the lights in the foyer using the switches to the right of the stairs.
5. Switch off any other downstairs lights (kitchen, toilet, etc.).
6. Switch off the observing floor incandescent lights (switch at top of stairs) and fluorescent lights (switch inside small door to warm room).
7. On the blue console on the North pier, switch on the telescope power and enable Auto Dome.
8. Request control at the grey Observing Floor Control Panel by the North pier.
9. Open the dome shutters by pressing the appropriate red button on the Observing Floor Control Panel. Hold the button in until the shutters stop moving and the beep sounds.
10. If necessary, lower the windblind using the appropriate button on the Observing Floor Control Panel.
11. Open the mirror covers by pushing the appropriate button below the mirror cell.
12. Switch on the coordinate repeater monitors beside the North pier and in the control room above the TCS.

TCS start-up procedure

If the TCS software is running

If the TCS is up and running (as is usually the case), do the following at the start of the night:

• Initialise the XY slides by clicking Initialize in the "XY Slides Control" panel on the TCS display.
• Select the appropriate guide mirror position

The guide mirror must be {\bf out of the beam} for:

• skyflats or domeflats
• while integrating with the instrument PC
• autoguiding

The guide mirror must be in the beam while:

• acquiring a field with the acquisition camera

The guide mirror can be moved in and out of the beam by clicking the large button above the "XY Slides Control" box on the TCS screen. If the button is red and says "GUIDE MIRROR IS IN BEAM", clicking it will move the mirror, turning the button green and changing the message to "GUIDE MIRROR IS OUT OF BEAM". The converse is also true.

If the TCS PC is on but the software is not running

If the TCS PC is alive and responding but the programme is not running, it can be started by double-clicking on the TCS icon on the desktop and entering the password in the pop-up box (consult local technical staff for the password). You should then follow steps 1 and 2 in Section~\ref{sec-tcsnormalstart}.

If the TCS PC is switched off or not responding

Please call the duty electronics technician using the phone number displayed in the warm room.

Instrument start-up procedure

STE3/STE4

1. Follow the start-up procedure described in Sections 1 and 2 of the "SAAO~CCD Camera Control Program, version 1.2", by J. W. Menzies, available in the warm room and on this page: [[2]]

Important: Ensure that the following are correct in the blue "Details of Run" startup panel:

• CCD: select STE3 or STE4
• Wheel A & B: enter "1" into both boxes to enable filter wheels
• Next file number: if this is incorrect, existing images could be overwritten

1. Initialise the filter wheels, move to the desired filter and adjust the prebin or window setting, if required.
2. Take a bias frame (run a single line module with Repeats=1, Image Type=Bias and Save=Yes) and check that it saves to

   /data/40in/imag40/YYYY/MMDD on ltsp.

Current known issues (last updated Nov 2013)

Telescope pointing problems/time server error

If you encounter telescope pointing problems, check the time and date displayed on the TCS, as the cause could be the time server. If the date/time is wrong, please call the electronics technician for assistance.

Latest pointing zeropoints

Date: 29/10/2013

RA zeropoint (s): -127

Dec zeropoint ("): 41